Work Now, Play Later Essay Example for Free

Work Now, Play Later Essay The occasion is not too far off where one is compelled to settle on hard choices. Among those hard choices are those of picking between your own and open life. As a green bean in school now, I’ve go to the acknowledgment of decisions I need to make. I end up having minutes where I’m encompassed by my companions who love to gathering, drink, and smoke and I’m totally uninterested. Despite the fact that these decisions are viewed as shameless being the age that I am, this is the thing that I’m picking so as to construct a more promising time to come for myself. In the perusing gave â€Å"Mr. Rat,† the principle character Matt needed to settle on the decision of conceivably losing his employment or covering for a companion in a common work place. Matt decided to hide any hint of failure by tossing his companion under the transport. While Matt and I choices on picking our open life versus our open life are comparative in light of the fact that the thought itself is viewed as improper, our inspiration for our activities vary. Figuring out how to take of myself at a juvenile stage in my life has instructed me that nothing comes simple and time is cash. School wasn’t vowed to me. I worked a ridiculous amount of time on grants and articles to get my foot in the entryway. I have a more clear comprehension of my motivation here and my needs are right now ardent. I settle on the decision to keep on concentrating on school and tote my profession rather going out and constructing my group of friends. Companions travel every which way. I may lose several them yet they aren’t going to help uncover me from underneath my budgetary opening when I’m in the red. Starting at the present moment, companions are not a need. Having this kind of outlook at 18 years of age isn't ethically adequate in light of the fact that it’s expected that I party and not be as full grown. The general thought of picking my open life over my companions is the way I believe I interface with Matt in â€Å"Mr. Rat.â €  Society feels you ought to value your fellowships so our activities are similarly disliked dependent on what society feels our worth framework ought to be, in spite of the condition. In spite of the fact that Matt was in a professional workplace, he was additionally placed in a spot where his future was brought into point of view and made him find over the long haul what made a difference most. Then again, being just 18 years of age and settling on such a choice under tension in school is the means by which Matt and I contrast. Matt, in his late 20’s, is settling on this choice at work since he believed he was coming to a meaningful conclusion and portraying a specific picture to dazzle his chief. His companion was tossed under the transport simultaneously and could lose his employment. In doing this, it shows how our inspirations were likewise totally different. I basically acknowledged I don’t have the opportunity to squander. I came here to gain my degree and to work so as to proceed to help and accommodate myself. I, for one, am not endangering any of my friends’ prospects to get what I need. Companion pressure is at its best when companions express how I ought to get out more and don’t should be so uneasy about everything at this moment. My develop attitude to hold fast and center in spite of my different interruptions is all that I need to inspire me. Each decision followed by an activity has an outcome. Matt’s decision to spare his butt over his companions could prompt lament and depression later on. The main hazy situation about my choice is the result over the long haul. For this moment, I do have minutes where I get the inclination lament and depression since nobody is fundamentally as genuine about my future as I am. I’ve figured out how to believe that my choice will pay off and I’ll in the end be happy when I beat the competition. Companions will likewise come later. I just haven’t arrived right now. In spite of the fact that my decision is similarly as similarly indecent as Matt’s, I do feel I had a superior handle on the idea in light of my condition. I don’t feel picking your open life to get over on a companion is correct. His sense of self had an impact in his choice and that’s not adequate constantly. Matt could have evaded the inquiry or worked his way around it. Choosing to consequently drop his companion for ravenousness is narrow minded. My personality may likewise have an impact in my choice yet it’s not meddling with anybody else’s life. It’s to gain self-achievement and achievement. Society’s sees on my choice aren’t considered either on the grounds that they won’t be there when I decided to be good and fell on my can.

Occupational Performance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Word related Performance - Essay Example It additionally attempts to clarify why the debilitation could cause challenges and the ramifications for the people of these troubles and discovers manners by which these troubles may be diminished or survived. Word related execution can be characterized as the capacity of an individual to perform undertakings to complete her/his word related jobs in a delightful way. The significance of dissecting utilitarian execution is of vital significance to word related treatment. The evaluation of a person's/gathering or populaces' degree of working is significant in arranging a word related treatment for a person. Word related advisors consider the numerous kinds of occupations people may draw in, sort them into classifications called 'regions of occupation' We should take a gander at the different exhibition jobs first: Occupational execution jobs are examples of conduct in various types of occupation in ones day by day life for example self-upkeep, efficiency, relaxation and rest. The jobs are controlled by person's physical, mental and otherworldly conditions and her/his relationship with outer condition. Biomechanical segments allude to the activity and association of and between physical structures of the body during task execution. This can incorporate scope of movement, muscle quality, handle, strong and cardiovascular perseverance, dissemination, disposal of body squander. From the point of view of the undertaking or sub-task, this segment alludes to the biomechanical properties of the assignment; for instance, size, weight, measurement and area of articles. Tangible Motor Performance Component alludes to the activity and association of and between tactile info and engine reactions of the body during task execution. Psychological Performance Component: alludes to the activity and connection of and between mental procedures utilized during task execution. Intrapersonal Performance Component: alludes to the activity and cooperation of and between interior mental procedures utilized during task execution. Relational Performance Component alludes to the proceeding and changing cooperation between an individual and others during task execution that adds to the improvement of the person as a member in the public eye. Components of Occupational Performance are the body, psyche and soul. The Occupational Performance Model (Australia) recognizes that together these center components of human presence structure the human body, the human cerebrum, the human brain, the human cognizance of self and the human familiarity with the universe (Popper, 1981) Body Element: The substantial physical parts of human structure comprises the body component. Psyche Element: the essential scholarly part of an individual is known as the Mind component Soul Element: is characterized freely as that part of people which looks for a feeling of congruity inside self and between self, nature, others and sometimes an extreme other; looks for a current secret to life; internal conviction; expectation and meaning.As expressed before the zones on which word related exhibitions are watched are Self-support, profitability, recreation and rest. Self-Maintenance Occupations are standard assignments and sub-errands done by an

Doing Research Papers Can Be Really Difficult

Doing Research Papers Can Be Really DifficultWhy must we do our research papers? And are they the best? There is no exact answer to that question.Think about your free hands and how you feel when you first use a new tool or gadget. You start out on the bottom, right?We are the product of what we go through in a person's life. You may want to avoid some of the mistakes I have made by doing some research. Try not to fall for that sell by email strategy. The points below will help you in deciding whether it is better to do your research papers or not.Before you make a decision on whether to do your research papers you need to think about all the options. If you are a good typist then go with using a font that you know; if you aren't then I would suggest checking out some free fonts to see what you like.I think the best way to do your research papers is to put them on a word processor. Then you will know if the work is legible or not. You could then rewrite it yourself later.It is a good idea to write out the points you want to cover in your research papers before you start writing them. I think it helps if you use research from other sources. I have used material from the internet and related books.When you write out the points you want to cover remember to write down exactly how many people will be reading your paper. Do this by going through your list and asking yourself 'how many people will be reading this article?' You can also write down the number of people who will be reading your entire assignment, or the number of words you need for each point. This will help you keep track of your points and give you the chance to write them out quickly.As you can see, researching your research papers isn't the most difficult thing in the world. You just need to be sure that you keep your research to the point and your writing brief.

Lord Of The Flies And The Most Dangerous Game Analysis

Lord of the Flies Versus The Most Dangerous Game The Lord of the Flies by William Golding follows the story of a group of young boys as they attempt to survive on an island without any adults. The boys soon struggle with staying in touch with civilization, and some lives were lost before they were rescued by a man in the British navy. Another text, The Most Dangerous Game, by Richard Connell conveys the story of a man named Rainsford who got stranded on an island. While on the island, Rainsford meets a man called Zaroff who informs Rainsford that he has found a new animal to hunt. To Rainsfords horror, the new animal turns out to be humans, and before long Rainsford was set up to be Zaroffs new quarry. After three long days of being†¦show more content†¦Although both characters have a similar obsession for hunting, their fixations also have differences. Zaroff was taught hunting at a young age and was only five years old [ when his father] gave [him] a little gun. This contrasts to jack who embarked on hunting mostly due to his circumstance and his savage side coming out. There are many themes between the two texts, but one prominent one is the theme of savagery. The isolation from civilization that the islands from the two texts provide, easily gave way for savagery to be instilled in the various characters. Roger from The Lord of the Flies definitely displayed a descent into savagery as the story progressed. Roger was quiet and barely said much, yet his savage side was clearly shown through his actions. At a time near the start of the novel, Roger stooped, picked up a stone, aimed, and threw it at Henry – threw it to miss. (Goulding 62) Although roger threw to miss, he still threw a stone at a living human. It was clear that he attempted to hurt Henry, but couldn’t due to the sliver of civilization he had left. However, as the story neared the end, Roger seemed to have lost every bit of civilization making him completely savage. It was then that Roger with a sense of delirious abandonment, leaned all his weight on the lever. Owing t o the fact that Roger did this, a huge boulder fell and killed piggy – another character- on its way down. Roger had cruelly taken a life. This provedShow MoreRelatedEnglish Proverbs3961 Words   |  16 Pagesmakes waste ââ€" ª A stitch in time saves nine. ââ€" ª Ignorance is bliss ââ€" ª Mustnt cry over spilt milk. ââ€" ª You can catch more flies with honey than you can with vinegar. ââ€" ª You can lead a horse to water, but you cant make him drink. ââ€" ª Those who live in glass houses shouldnt throw stones. ââ€" ª A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush. ââ€" ª Well begun is half done. ââ€" ª A little learning is a dangerous thing. ââ€" ª Dont poke the bear. Paremiology The study of proverbs is called: paremiology (from Greek πΠ±Ã ÃŽ ¿ÃŽ ¹ÃŽ ¼ÃŽ ¯ÃŽ ± - paroimà ­aRead MoreStudy Guide Literary Terms7657 Words   |  31 Pagescreates a sense of quiet, reinforcing the meaning of the line 3. allegory – Where every aspect of a story is representative, usually symbolic, of something else, usually a larger abstract concept or important historical/geopolitical event. Lord of the Flies provides a compelling allegory of human nature, illustrating the three sides of the psyche through its sharply-defined main characters. A form of extended metaphor, in which objects, persons, and actions in a narrative, are equated with the meaningsRead MoreA Picatrix Miscellany52019 Words   |  209 PagesI. Introduction to the Picatrix (The Aim of the Sage) of al-Majriti, Maslamati ibn Ahmad Joseph H. Peterson The Ghà ¢yat al-Hakà ®m fi’l-sihr, or Picatrix, as it is known in the West, is an important Arabic magical text. It is perhaps the largest and most comprehensive of the grimoires, or handbooks of magic. The attribution to the Andalusian mathematician al-Majriti (or al-Madjriti) (d. ca. 1004-7) is considered pseudo-epigraphic. The Latin translation dates to 1256 and the court of Alphonso the WiseRead MoreBest Practice in Organizational Safety Culture10041 Words   |  41 Pagesidentified? 3 2.1 Limitations and Caveats While references are provided as annexes, they are not ordered as in a traditional bibliography. Rather, they are provided as a reading list in a sequence which will allow a busy reader to access the most useful reading first. A list of additional texts which may be of interest is also attached. Safety culture is a complex area which is still subject to academic debate. It is not possible in the time available to provide an exhaustive paper on theRead MoreStrategy Safari by Mintzberg71628 Words   |  287 Pages-84743-4 (hardcover) There are some people who begin the Zoo at the beginning, called WAYIN, and walk as quickly as they can past every cage until they come to the one called WAYOUT, but the nicest people go straight to the animal they love the most, and stay there. —A. A. Milne, in the Introduction to Winnie-The-Pooh We dedicate this book to such people who are more interested in open fields than closed cages. CONTENTS Embarkation 1 And Over Here, Ladies and Gentlemen: The StrategicRead MoreAutobilography of Zlatan Ibrahimovic116934 Words   |  468 Pagesand that s dangerous, believe me. I have to be mad to play well. I have to shout and make scenes. Now I kept all that within me. Maybe it had to do with all pressure. I don t know. I was the second most expensive transfer in history, and the papers kept saying I was a problem child and had issues with my personality, all kinds of bullshit, and unfortunately I felt the weight of it all - in Barca we don t stick out, and I guess I wanted to show that I could fit in. It was the most stupid decisionRead MoreCase Study148348 Words   |  594 Pagessites on the web so you can explore more about the organisations featured in the case studies †¢ Classic cases – over 30 case studies from previous editions of the book †¢ The Strategy Experience simulation gives you hands-on experience of strategic analysis and putting strategy into action Resources for instructors †¢ Instructor’s manual, including extensive teaching notes for cases and suggested teaching plans †¢ PowerPoint slides, containing key information and figures from the book †¢ Secure testbankRead MoreImpact of Science on Society38427 Words   |  154 PagesScience Change is one of mankind’s most mysterious creations. The factors that operate t o cause it came into play when m a n produced his first tool. With it he changed the world forever, and bound himself t o the artifacts he would create in order, always, t o make tomorrow better than today. But how does change operate? What triggers a new invention, a different philosophy, a n altered society? The interactive network of man’s activities links the strangest, most disparate elements, bringing togetherRead MoreProject Managment Case Studies214937 Words   |  860 PagesSpider Project, could have been listed under several topics. Several of the cases and situations have seed questions provided to assist the reader in the analysis of the case. An instructor s manual is available from John Wiley Sons, Inc., to faculty members who adopt the book for classroom use. Almost all of the case studies are factual. In most circumstances, the cases and situations have been taken from the author s consulting practice. Some educators prefer not to use case studies dated backRead MoreImpact of Science on Society38421 Words   |  154 PagesScience Change is one of mankind’s most mysterious creations. The factors that operate t o cause it came into play when m a n produced his first tool. With it he changed the world forever, and bound himself t o the artifacts he would create in order, always, t o make tomorrow better than today. But how does change operate? What triggers a new invention, a different philosophy, a n altered society? The interactive network of man’s activities links the strangest, most disparate elements, bringing together

The Culture and History of Native Americans - 763 Words

Native American, or American Indians, have a rich culture comprised of struggle, strife and success. For this paper, i will discuss the Native American Culture and its history. History Spotted Tail, Lakota Sioux Chief stated: This war did not spring up on our land, this war was brought upon us by the children of the Great Father who came to take our land without a price, and who, in our land, do a great many evil things....This war has come from robbery from the stealing of our land. (Lazarus 1991). To me, this statement sums up the significant affect white settlers had on the Native Americans world. It all started in 1492 when Christopher Columbus first discovered the Native people with the idea that they may be able to adopt to†¦show more content†¦Tsai Alanis (2004), states relation is symbolized by the Circle of life, represented through different tribal traditions and consist of the elements of life: fire, water, earth and air. Life is also represented through four circles, the first representing our spirit, the second representing your family or clan, the third represents our natural environment and relations, the fourth and last circle represent s the spirit world. Harmony and balance for native Americans, shows an emphasis on Unity; Through community, sharing, and extended family. Harmony with nature and living in the present is important as well as a deep respect for their elders. Wellness shows an emphasis on harmony with yourself, environment, and others. Native Americans use the term Did you take your medicine? Which is more than physical wellness. Medicine is everything. It is described as an inner strength. What i found most interesting about this article was how it pointed out that there is no clear word for religion in many of the Native American languages, but spirituality is an integral part of every day life because it is necessary for balance and harmony, wellness of the person and family, tribe or community. I think I closely relate to their value of family and unity. To me it is the most positive and most important value to have. Cultural Identity Issue/Macro Practices While NativeShow MoreRelatedCaptivity And Conversion Narratives By Hilary E. Wyss907 Words   |  4 PagesHilary E. Wyss challenges the traditional Indian-American models of captivity and conversion narratives, by which historical accounts represent Native Americans. She raises the question â€Å"What makes a story Native American?† Wyss argues that these narrative models are not an accurate universal representation of Native Americans. Essentially, Euro-Americans filtered Native American history, according to their bred expectations, to share Native American history through the ideal models of captivity and conversionRead MoreNative American Paper1353 Words   |  6 PagesNative American Storytelling Paper Rashmi Price ENG/301 August 26, 2013 Dr. Gregory Beatty Native American Storytelling Paper Native American literature is considered by many as the traditional written and oral literature of Native cultures around the world. Many of these literatures are transmitted over periods of time by storytellers. This particular literature has many features that includes a mixture of oral tradition techniques along with tribal mythology. The majorityRead MoreThe White Man s Burden By Daniel Richter1083 Words   |  5 PagesNative Americans have been around for many of years. They were around for 10,000-30,000 years. This proves them to be the one of the first civilizations to begin in our country. In Daniel Richter’s prologue, he describes Native Americans in terms of â€Å"agency† through discussing their agriculture, culture, and civilization as a whole. The Never forgotten article portrays the tragedy of the Native American population through discussing their negative stereotypes and the â€Å"White Man’s Burden†. As a resultRead MoreNative Amer ican And American Literature Essay1351 Words   |  6 Pagesonly one memory of ever having read anything Native American, and that was in grade school. Native American literature is typically left out of studies in general American Literature, although there do exist plenty of programs for studying these types of narratives separately and individually. It has yet to become a prominent area of study and there a differing reasons as to why this is. Part of the lack of study in this subject in connection with American Literature is for cultural concerns aboutRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book Of Cannibals 1008 Words   |  5 PagesHistory: Whose Story Is It? Interactions between people are often evaluated in terms of lands gained, lives lost, and valor earned, but there is an arguably more powerful spoil of war that is rarely discussed: the right to write the story. The victorious party gets to tell the tale, and indubitably the defeated are portrayed extremely negatively if at all. Consider the many extant ancient Spanish texts compared to the lack of decipherable Mayan texts: as part of their victory over the Mayans, theRead MoreBook Review: Indians in American History by Harlan Davidson:1192 Words   |  5 PagesHead: Indians in American History Indians in American History Introduction We often wonder that how exactly a country becomes a super power but when we go back in time and go through our history we see that how the super power like America has broken the rights of the people and suppress them to come this far where now it is trying to promote peace by solving problems and disputes between countries all across the globe. Harlan Davidson published the book Indian in American History second editionRead MoreThe Significance Of The Frontier By Frederick Jackson Turner869 Words   |  4 Pagesof the country for him to safely leave out. Native Americans have a pivotal role in America s history, yet Turner s mentions of them in his thesis are extremely limited. For this reason, Frederick Jackson Turner s â€Å"The Significance of the Frontier† is not an accurate depiction of the history of the United States. Unlike the image that Turner represents in his Frontier Thesis, Native Americans played a large role in the formation of America s history. Turner continuously undermines their presenceRead MoreHow American Indians Have Adapted their Culture Since Colonization962 Words   |  4 PagesMy essay will have an outlook of the history of the first Americans â€Å"Indians† and how they’ve adapted with their religion, subsistence strategy, social organization, and material culture. Over the years things have change in the history of Native Americans, prior to the reconstruction period, Native Americans knew who they were and what they lived for. Before the Europeans came and changed their living they one with nature and the land they’ve came to know. They believe that America was there’s andRead MoreAmerindian Arguments and Actions Essay771 Words   |  4 Pages The Native American chronicle is one of treachery and death. These Indians lived lives of concord and prosperity for centuries. However, their reign terminated with the arrival of European settlers in the 15th century. The arising onslaught of foreign colonists is considered by some to be the initiation of the â€Å"American Holocaust† (Native American Genocide). The immigrants did not share customs or spiritual views with the Native people, so they attempted to annihilate the Native American populaceRead MoreNative Americans Talk Back And Looking Towards The Future923 Words   |  4 PagesNative Americans Talk Back and Looking Towards the Future The interpretation and appropriation of culture within museums came under attack starting in the 1960’s. Native American groups raised questions about the biases and agendas of curators and museums and demanded that their voices be heard in the political arena. Many Native American organizations argued that if Whites are the ones interpreting and appropriating other cultures, then it is actually their culture on exhibition.(King 1998: 96,

Analysis Of Othello By William Shakespeare - 1353 Words

Many have read â€Å"Othello† and can clearly see how divided the characters are by many aspects, but one that seems to be most important to the whole theme is gender roles. The role of women in â€Å"Othello† varies from each female’s point of view and is easily recognized through their status and upbringing. From the point of view of the reader a person can definitely tell that they are also separated by class and that’s how it determines part of the problem for gender roles in this play. Another problem that is encountered is each woman’s personal attitude towards the men in the play. Lastly, one of the dividing factors for each female is how their upbringing really affects some of their actions. It is clear to see that Desdemona is from a higher social class than the other two women in the play. Throughout the play she is submissive to Othello and never argues against him. One example of her submissiveness is in Scene 3 Act 3 Line 89, where Desdemona declares that she is obedient, she says â€Å"I am Obedient.† Another example of the submissiveness to Othello is towards the end of Act IV when he orders her to bed and she goes with no argument or resistance. Bianca on the other end of social class is submissive only to her profession. She is submissive to Cassio in Act III and she says to Cassio â€Å"I must be circumstanced,† she is submissive to him in this part of the play for the reason that she is compelled by the law of society at that time to be submissive to him. In other words sheShow MoreRelatedOthello Analysis : Othello By William Shakespeare1115 Words   |  5 PagesRiley Thompson Professor Grill LIT 200 2 November 2014 Othello Analysis Assignment Othello, a play that was written in 1604 by William Shakespeare, is an example of a type of story called a â€Å"tragedy.† Throughout the course of the work, Othello proves himself to be very easily misled, despite his heroic status. This causes him to lose his ability to make good judgments and decisions. Even though Othello had a reputation as a hero, he ends up being one of the most gullible characters in the play whenRead MoreAnalysis Of Othello By William Shakespeare Essay2413 Words   |  10 Pagesprocess, such as a process known as Classical Conditioning. Mind manipulation has been presented by villains throughout movies, novels, and even plays. The play Othello, written around 1603 by William Shakespeare, with the villain character Iago, is characterized as a jealous, hubris, sinister, crafty, and manipulative being. William Shakespeare has managed to write a tragic play where he used Iago’s malicious words to provide early Classical Conditioning, to cloud Ot hello’s mind of critical thoughtsRead MoreAnalysis Of Othello By William Shakespeare1579 Words   |  7 Pagesdiscriminated against due to your race? In Othello by William Shakespeare the theme of race is evident through out the play and is a very critical aspect towards the plot. Since Othello has a strong sense of self he is able to counter-balance the overt racism he is faced with in the beginning because he is respected and has high stature as a war general. Him and his wife lived happily without worrying what others thought of their bi-racial marriage. But, when Othello hears rumors of his wife’s possibleRead MoreAnalysis Of Othello By William Shakespeare1436 Words   |  6 PagesRasheed Patrick Ms. Milliner EES21QH-01 01/17/17 Final Paper In Othello every character has their own personalities that makes them the person they are. In Othello there are characters that show true grit, a fixed mindset, and a growth mindset. Each characters are different which makes the book even more interesting. True grit means to endure and push through to do something better no matter what it takes. An example of grit is studying for a long period of time for a test and enduring the amountRead MoreAnalysis Of Othello By William Shakespeare1240 Words   |  5 PagesRationale In Part Four of the course, Critical Study, we studied Shakespeare’s tragedy, Othello. This is a play that comprises of enduring themes of love, betrayal, jealousy, appearance versus reality, racism, and revenge. I chose to write a diary for this play because we are only presented with the facade of these characters. Throughout the play, the audience is left to wonder what goes on behind the scenes. And the only way to achieve this is to put ourselves in their shoes in order to experienceRead MoreAnalysis Of Othello By William Shakespeare865 Words   |  4 PagesHandkerchief William Shakespeare is a famous writer had written lot of poetry, stories, dramas etc. In his drama, he usually has a sad ending. He introduces a clue that diverts a character’s mind and thought. One of his plays named â€Å"Othello† he introduces a handkerchief as a clue that had diverted different characters’ thoughts. That handkerchief changed from a love token into a source of suspicion in Othello’s mind. In this story, main character named Othello, who gave that handkerchief to his wifeRead MoreAnalysis Of Othello By William Shakespeare1505 Words   |  7 PagesQuanisha Taylor Dr. Traylor English 1102 16 November 2015 Sadistic Motives In William Shakespeare’s play Othello Iago has the ability to charm and convince people of his loyalty and honesty. Iago immediately introduced his malicious desire for revenge, but he had no proven reason for his actions. Throughout the play Iago devises a devious plan to convince the other characters of his cunning contrivance. Iago treats others as the fool with no intentions of caring about their feelings. Behind hisRead MoreAnalysis Of Othello By William Shakespeare1575 Words   |  7 Pagesdiscriminated against due to your race? In Othello by William Shakespeare the theme of race is evident through out the play and is a very critical aspect towards the plot. Since Othello has a strong sense of self he is able to counter-balance the overt racism he is faced with in the beginning because he is respected and has high stature as a war general. Him and his wife lived happily without worrying what others thought of their bi-racial marriage. But, when Othello hears rumors of his wife’s possibleRead MoreAnalysis Of Othello By William Shakespeare1090 Words   |  5 Pagesyears, women have been seen as inferior and weaker than men, while men are seen as superior and stronger than women. However, the word strong doesn t measure their physical strength, but by their strength to ignore societies standards. Othello by William Shakespeare takes place during the late 16th century a time in which women didn’t have a voice and were expected to be obedient and chaste. Although this was the case for many women, Emilia is a strong character because she stood up for what she believedRead MoreAnalysis Of Othello By William Shakespeare1378 Words   |  6 PagesEES21GH-02 01/20/17 Final paper Throughout the play Othello by William Shakespeare, we sit in on the life of an African American military commander, or Moor, who was deceived by a jealous under officer named Iago. Iago’s only motive for deceiving the Moor was animosity because Othello did not promote him to Lieutenant. With the help of a passive man named Roderigo, Iago was able to convince Othello that his wife had cheated on him with the man Othello did promote to Lieutenant, named Cassio. After convincing

Report of Tax and Estate Planning - Free Answers to Students

Questions: 1. Calculate the net tax payable for Darren and Samantha for the 2017/18 financial year. Show all workings. Include Medicare, Medicare Surcharge (if applicable) and any offsets or rebates that may apply. 2. Provide advice to Darren and Samantha about merging both of their businesses into a partnership. Show how you have compared the option of merging versus not merging. Show all workings/calculations. Justify your advice. 3. Advise Darren and Samantha as to whether they could possibly arrange their financial affairs more efficiently; and whether there are other strategies they could be considering to enhance their short term and/or long term position. No calculations are necessary, however you will need to provide details of the potential strategy/ies you are recommending they consider. Justify your recommendations. Answers: Answer 1. Taxable income=Gross income less allowable deductions (expenses relating to the income) Medical levy=2% of gross income Darren and Samantha Net Tax Payable Statement For FY 2017/2018. Gross Income; Darren Samantha Dar Sam Income Frm Asset= $450*52=$23,400 Jim Gardening Income = $235,000 Tupperware Commission= $72,000 Term Deposit= 5%*$40,000=$2000 Share of Rental Income Interest (And term deposit) $12,700 $12,700 ($25400) =$23,400+$2,000=$25,400/2=$12,700 Total Gross Income = $247,700 $84,700 0 Less allowable deductions Interest on Rental property 4.2%*$280,000= ($11,760) Share loan interest on rental pro ($5,880) ($ 5,880) $ 11,760 Jims gardening expense ($39,000) Expense on Tupperware ($9,000) Expense on credit card 12%*$2,700= ($324) Total Taxable Income =$247,700-$39,324-$5,880 =$84,700-$9,000-$5,880 0 Net Total Taxable Income = $202,496 = $69,820 = $0 NB; 1. There is a contra of $11,760 and $25,400 on the equally distribution of revenue and expenses from the rental property. Since the dividend earned are franked in nature were not going to subject it to taxation. Darren Samantha Darren Samantha Medical Levy=2%*$247,700=$4,954 2%*$84,700=$1,694 0 Medicare Surcharge rate= 1% 0% 0% Medicare surcharge for Darren=1%*$202,496=$2,024.96 this is because the taxable income of Darren is within the tier one of $180,001-$210,000 that subjects to 1%,for Samantha and the joint invest for Darren Samantha is not subjectable to any because its below the base tier of $18,0000. Medical Levy Surcharge=Medical Levy plus medical surcharge Total Medical Levy Surcharge for Darren==$4,954+$2,024.96= $6,978.96 Total Medical Levy Surcharge for Samantha= =$1,694+$0==$1,694 Total Medical Levy Surcharge for Darren Samantha =0 Calculation of income tax for individuals uses the below tax brackets; Fletcher 0-$18,200 - Nil $18,201-$37,000 - 19c for each $1 over $ 18,200 $37,001-$87,000 - $3,572 plus 32.5c for each $1 over $37,000 $87,001-$180,000 - $19,822 plus 37c for each $1 over $87,000 $180,001 and over - $54,232 plus 45c for each $1 over $180,000 For Darren; The taxable income for Darren is $202,496 This income therefore lies between the brackets; $180,001 and over - $54,232 plus 45c for each $1 over $180,000 Tax payable on this is $54,232 plus 45/100*(202,496-180,000) =$202,496-$180,000=$15,676 Plus 45c for each $1 over $180,000=$22,496*0.45=$10,123.2 Total Income tax payable for Darren=$10,123.2+$54,232=$64,355.2 For Samantha; The taxable income for Samantha is $69,820; Samanthas income lies between brackets; $37,001-$87,000 - $3,572 plus 32.5c for each $1 over $37,000 Tax payable on this, $3,572 plus the cover of $37,000; The over=$69,820-$37,000=$32,820 =32.5/100=0.325 The over is=$32820*.325=10666.5 Total income tax payable for Samantha=$10,666.5+$3,572=$14,238 Total Net Tax Payable Income Tax plus Medical Surge Levy; Samantha and Darren since they have private health insurance with HCF fund that is accredited they are eligible to a rebate on family basis, Dennis (2005, Pg.23) therefore they entitled to rebate offset. The collective income from the two of $ 272,316 from the combination of $202,496 and $69,820 classifies the tier 3 family threshold in which rebate ought to be calculated from Burkhauser Its therefore clear that the threshold lies between $210,000-$280,000 hence subject to 8.644% rebate premium. Rebate =8.644%*$272,316 = $23,538.99 They are therefore entitled for an offset of $23,538.99 Darrens; Total Tax Payable= Income Tax Payable +Medical Levy Surcharge = $64355.2+$6978.96 =$71,334.16 Tax Payable=$71,334.16 Samanthas; Tax Payable= = Income Tax Payable +Medical Levy Surcharge = $14,238+$1,732 =$15,970 Tax Payable=$15,970 Therefore the Total Tax Payable=$71,334.16+$15,970=$87,304 Less/offset rebate= = ($23,703.23) Darren Samantha Net Tax Payable =$63,600.77 The above calculations are done based on the following assumption; Damarren and Samantha are both residents for tax purposes. Based on the revenue generation unit rental property an assumption of 52weeks making a year is made. Since there is no revenue generated via the motor vehicle an expense relating to it is not allowable in nature. its therefore clear that any expense incurred that dont relate to revenue is therefore not allowable. An assumption that Darren and Samantha are carrying the rental property as business is made and therefore since there is no declaration on how to share gain on this have shared revenue and expenses equally. Answer 2. Partnership businesses basically involves profits and losses hence tasking the venture to declare tax return. Unlike individual income tax where prescribed tax bracket is outline hence creating guaranteed tax obligation, in partnership the latter depend on the performance and operation of the business according to Regan. If Darren and Samantha decide to merge and form partnership form of business of course a different approach on taxation has to be trailed. Its therefore expected to see Darren and Samantha declaring to have agreed to do business as partner via partnership agreement that dictates on the sharing of profit and losses respectively as well as in other occasions of dissolution, recruiting as well as conversion. Sharing ration has to be outlined depending on the capital contributed or other investment stands made. Assume that Darren and Samantha are in a partnership business we therefore expect to see income generated less deductible expenses so as to inform on loss or profit made. In reality the higher the higher the profit the greater the portion of profit Samantha and Darren share while the lower the profit the lower the share. On the other hand in case of loss suffering the loss has to be shared depending on the agreement. For taxation basis we expect partnership profit and losses to be the one subjected to tax, its there clear that tax burden depends on the declaration hence flexible in nature thus if the profit is less we expect low capture on tax while when its high the vice versa takes stand. The worst of all is when losses is suffered there is no tax that is being charged. Its therefore the discretion of Darren and Samantha to declare the profit or loss depending on the performance for tax purposes. From question one when individual i.e. Darren and Samantha are taxed depending on the incomes each of them gets they are not subjected to offsets or rather dont enjoy fringe benefits tax reliefs as well as tax credits as it is in businesses that have many parties in control Vegh,2015. Its clearly showing that Darrens net taxable pay is =$71,334.16 while that of Samantha is =$15,970 if we sum these two incomes==$71,334.16+$15,970=$87304.16 whereas that of Darren and Samantha after joined they get offsets and totals to =$63,600.77 depicting that there are factors that minimizes tax burden in partnership unlike in sole traders. Its further clear that since in partnership we only expect to pay tax after a profit has been made, on occasions that the latter doesnt occur there is no tax charge to be claimed, hence creating an avenue for the reporters of the accounts to always overstate the deduction and expenses so as to minimize profit and create loss for purposes of tax avoid Cnossen. Darren and Samantha ought to know that if they operate a partnership business there is no separation of legal entity sense instead each partner will be enjoying the paying tax on their share of net partnership income. Therefore through this they will be able to use partnership losses to reduce respective income for taxation purpose. Gains and losses from the the partnership business is mostly retrieved back to individual partners tax status. There are other tax incentives and gains that are enjoyed by partners in a partnership business the likes of capital gains which is mostly not taxed. Darren and Samantha likewise ought to know that while operating a business as partnership theyve access to 50% on any capital gain especially on the gain on the rental property whereby instead of it being summed up as taxable income for further taxation its yet to be subjected only up to 50% thus reducing the taxable income by half; i.e. Darren Samantha Dar Sam Income Form Asset= $450*52=$23,400 =$23,400*50% =$11500, thus we are only to subject $11,500 of the rental revenue for tax purpose. Likewise if the business was that of partnership form we expect each partner to just declare rent share and respective expenses in the tax return. Partnerships passes income tax to respective individual and not business hence no taxation at all in this level. Partnerships that are family based in nature a good example being this one of Darren and Samantha greatly the benefit of tax avoidance on gifts and estate Monroe(2012,Pg.4) Darren and Samantha in case they are willing to do contributions as well as distribution and withdraws them can do so without any oncome tax burden. In business there exists booms/recess or rather high/low seasons times hence leading to loss and profits. With this in mind partnership business is always lucky since the loss incurred can be claimed for deduction purposes in the partner share of loss. Darren and Samantha can control the loss by increasing allowable deductions (expenses) hence making the income being less than the expenses causing loss hence claim deduction guaranteed. If Darren and Samantha operates the business as partnership we would further subject all the expenses to be allowable with no sidelines on whether it has any direct relation to the income hence the expenses the likes of motor vehicle loan interest would be considered hence reducing the taxable income unlike the way weve failed to allow the expense with the presumption that its not relating to direct income generation. Less allowable deductions Motor Vehicle Loan Interest Payable=7%*$18000=$1260(this is if the business was partnership), hence we expect the total taxable income of $202496 to be subjected to a deduction of 1260 before being taxed bracket wise Willis. I therefore wish to strongly advise Darren and Samantha to merge so as to enjoy the flexible legal way of tax avoidance especially when the economic factors is not favoring the market. Answer 3. Financial planning forms the basis of every success on matters concerning business operation it starts from good recording keeping, tax planning, set up of internal controls, budgeting as well as cost control. Darren and Samantha are expected to be cautious on their day to day management of the business. Poor management mostly leads to business closure, losses, low profits among others the likes of provision of services and sale of goods that do not meet customer satisfaction. They are therefore required to ensure there is proper book keeping and recording that captures each and every transaction however small it is for purposes of accountability and trail. This will greatly facilitate back up and record keeping. Proper book keeping will help Darren and Samantha track each and every move that may be of any help to the business or that which retards operation hence creating an avenue of decision making. For instance if there is records indicating all the expenses and gains relating to the two motor vehicles from acquisition in my own view would analyze the gain on that motor vehicle and if there is nothing that the two generates or contribute directly or indirectly at all, would rather advise for disposal or alternative measures of probably making it for commercial purpose rather than private.. However this is only possible and applicable if there is proper book keeping. By budgeting and provision of prudent management skills is an action Darren and Samantha will not run from especially on expenditure and operations if they are to be successful financially, basically if they budget and allocate resources wisely the usage of credit cards to sort manageable expenses would not happen. Budgeting will also facilitate investing on generating units that yields returns in time so as to curb the monster of spending money on funds that do not pay back in time thus doing away with the project i.e. the two funds that do not yield anything at all would have been considered whether option wise or via alternative swaps. Tax planning is also a task that Darren and Samantha has to put into consideration for successful financial planning. This is an obligation that the states requires from every individual or partners in business or employed hence if you are not able to meet the aforesaid state obligation expect closure, prosecution ,freezing of accounts and assets Richter. All this consequences retards operation and of course shake the financial stand and position of the firms. Darren and Samantha should be advised to never buoy cot any obligation that relates to day to day operation of the firm. Darren and Samantha should introduce internal controls measures that oversees and guides each and every firm processes from primary point to the optimal point of cash generation. This internal controls should be seen to serve, protect and manage the operation of the business hence minimizing inefficiency and malpractices that would befall operations. Finally I advise Darren and Samantha to be cost effective thus introducing cost based analysis via the value of money concept this will control investing on projects that are expensive in nature and dont pay back in time. Likewise it serves the purpose of ensuring that there is no misappropriation and misallocation of resources to respective cost centers. I therefore advise them to be engaged in audit exercise for determination of true and fair state of the business in operation. I further advise Darren and Samantha to invest in financial advisors now and then for the market is dynamic and keeps on camouflaging with the prevail economic factors. References Byrnes, J.M., Cobiac, L.J., Doran, C.M., Vos, T. and Shakeshaft, A.P., 2010. Cost-effectiveness of volumetric alcohol taxation in Australia. The Medical Journal of Australia, 192(8), pp.439- Denniss, R., 2005. Who benefits from private health insurance in Australia?. New Doctor, (83), p.23. Regan, M., Smith, J. and Love, P.E., 2010. Impact of the capital market collapse on public-private partnership infrastructure projects. Journal of construction engineering and management, 137(1), pp.6-16. Richardson, G. and Lanis, R., 2007. Determinants of the variability in corporate effective tax rates and tax reform: Evidence from Australia. Journal of Accounting and Public Policy, 26(6), pp.689-704. Siahpush, M., Wakefield, M.A., Spittal, M.J., Durkin, S.J. and Scollo, M.M., 2009. Taxation reduces social disparities in adult smoking prevalence. American journal of preventive medicine, 36(4), pp.285-291. Henry, K., Harmer, J., Piggott, J., Ridout, H. and Smith, G., 2009. Australias future tax system. Canberra, Commonwealth Treasury. Monroe, A., 2012. Integrity in taxation: Rethinking partnership tax. Willis, A.B., Pennell, J.S. and Postlewaite, P.F., 2006. Partnership taxation. Cnossen, S., 2010. Excise taxation in Australia. In Melbourne InstituteAustralias future tax and transfer policy conference. Richter, W.F., 2006. Efficiency effects of tax deductions for work-related expenses. International Tax and Public Finance, 13(6), pp.685-699. Taylor, S.M., Juchau, R.H. and Houterman, B., 2010. Financial planning in Australia. LexisNexis Butterworths. McKerchar, M., 2007, June. Tax complexity and its impact on tax compliance and tax administration in Australia. In IRS Research Conference. Borden, B.T., 2008. Aggregate-Plus Theory of Partnership Taxation. Ga. L. Rev., 43, p.717. Burkhauser, R.V., Hahn, M.H. and Wilkins, R., 2015. Measuring top incomes using tax record data: A cautionary tale from Australia. The Journal of Economic Inequality, 13(2), pp.181-205. Vegh, C.A. and Vuletin, G., 2015. How is tax policy conducted over the business cycle?. American Economic Journal: Economic Policy, 7(3), pp.327-370. Fletcher, M. and Guttmann, B., 2013. Income inequality in Australia. Economic Round-up, (2), p.35.

13 Reasons To Date a Chemist

13 Reasons To Date a Chemist If you havent dated a chemist, youre missing out! Chemists can be incredibly romantic and great at lasting relationships. Here are some reasons to date a chemist. Chemists have some of the very best pick-up lines.  Are you made of copper and tellurium? You must be, because youre CuTe. Nerdy, yes, but a good icebreaker. Chemistry experiments require attention to detail. Your date will be on time, will pay attention to you, and will remember your likes and dislikes.Science requires effort, practice, and patience. You can expect a chemist to work at a relationship and not call it quits when problems arise.Chemists are interesting! They are curious and always learning. Dating a chemist means youll never be bored.Lab coats and safety goggles. So hot.Chemists remember to use protection.Chemists pay attention to personal hygiene.Chemists are almost always fantastic cooks. They also often brew amazing beer, make wine, or possibly distill their own spirits. Very few make drugs, though they know how.Chemists are smart. They can carry on meaningful conversations and fix things.Chemists know how to pull all-nighters.Chemists know all kinds of party tric ks and cool ways to celebrate holidays. Because their sense of wonder never fades, they often do well with kids. Your family and friends will probably like your chemist date. Like engineers and other scientists, a chemist asks you out because he or she genuinely likes you and finds you interesting. Chemists tend not to be shallow.Chemists are adventurous, up to a point. They are natural explorers, yet take risk into account. They can plan interesting and fun dates, but arent likely to endanger you. Similarly, chemists know all the toxic chemicals in every food, drink, and household product, yet wont go overboard avoiding minor vices.

How to Style Numbers as Physical Dimensions

How to Style Numbers as Physical Dimensions How to Style Numbers as Physical Dimensions How to Style Numbers as Physical Dimensions By Mark Nichol How to treat numbers in writing in general is a complicated issue dealt with in this DailyWritingTips post and others. The current post focuses on a subcategory of number style: numbers that refer to physical dimensions an object’s size or the proportion thereof or to nonphysical scientific measurement. Occasional, casual references to dimensions are usually best treated by spelling them out (â€Å"The footbridge is fifty-four feet long†; â€Å"The temperature dropped overnight to twenty-three degrees†). However, numbers in content (generally nonfiction) that frequently details measurements, especially in a technical context, are better displayed in numeral form (â€Å"The respective mile-per-gallon performance for the three models is 67, 84, and 53†). In such a case, earlier or subsequent references to the units in question and, ideally, all measurements should be styled consistently, even if they otherwise appear in isolation. Simple fractions (those describing less than a whole, such as one-third) and short mixed fractions (â€Å"one and three-eights,† for example) are easily read in word form, but a concentration of fractions is best styled with numerals (â€Å"The table is 34 1/2 inches high, 24 inches wide, and 42 1/4 inches long†); again, the form should be consistent throughout a particular piece of content and preferably in a recurring print or online publication. Abbreviations and symbols for units of measure are always accompanied by numerals and never appear in association with spelled-out numbers; the shorthand is often but not always separated from the numeral by a letter space (consult a style guide about the distinctions). Also, when unit terms are spelled out with numerals, a dimension used as a phrasal adjective is usually hyphenated before the noun but never after (â€Å"a 24-inch waist†; â€Å"her waist is 24 inches†), but hyphens are omitted when abbreviations or symbols appear (â€Å"a 10 km race†; â€Å"a 120 V system†). Note, too, that terms of units of measurement should be abbreviated only when associated with a numeral (â€Å"The lightbulbs differed in actual wattage,† not â€Å"The lightbulbs differed in W.†) Number ranges can be indicated by the word to or an en dash (here, as on many Web sites, represented by a hyphen). To is suitable for numerals and spelled-out numbers alike (â€Å"The temperature range is 45 to 60 degrees† or â€Å"The temperature range is forty-five to sixty degrees†), but the en dash is appropriate only with numerals (â€Å"The temperature range is 45-60 degrees†). Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Style category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:How Many Tenses in English?Excited ABOUT, not "for" 35 Synonyms for Rain and Snow

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Macro & Micro economics - Essay Example The micro and the macro environmental factors influence the market and the marketing decisions. The product of a company considers the differentiation strategies so that the product is accepted by the consumers. Thus, for influencing the market the marketing decisions on the product is important. The price of the product also influences the response of the market towards purchase of the product. This influences the marketing decision for fixing a competitive price. Similarly place and promotion for launch and sell of the product influences the market. The decision on the distribution system of the products enables a smoother access of the products by the consumers. The decision on promotional strategies on the basis of the target customer segment influences the behaviour of the market. Similar to the micro environmental factors, the macro environmental factors like the political scenario influences the operations of the market. Thus marketing decisions should take into consideration the uncertainties of the political factors. Similarly, the other macro environmental factors like the culture of the society, surge in economic conditions, legal constraints influence the market investments. These factors are not under the direct control of the market and hence, the marketing decisions are influenced by the uncertainties associated with the market performance. Segmentation variables to define a market segment The various segmentation variables that need to be considered to define a target market segment are the sizes of the market segments, growth rate of the market segment, suitability of the market segment with respect to the product of the company, access of the market segment by the company and the purchasing power of the market segment. The various market segments are identified based on various features like the demographics, psychographic and the geographic factors. The target size of the market segment is identified based on the suitability of the market seg ment with respect to the product. The growth rate of the market segment is then determined to estimate whether its matches the required growth rate and the future prospects. After determining the suitability of the market segment, the potential access to the market segment is determined by the firm. Finally the purchasing power of the market segment is analyzed to determine whether it matches the price of the product. By considering all these segmentation variables, the target market segment is defined that matches the requirement of the company with respect to the desired features. Different types of pricing strategy The various ways of maximization of profits of the business lies at the cutting of costs, increase in sales and increasing the profits. In a situation where costs are reduced to the limit and it’s difficult to increase the sales of the company, the pricing strategies are adopted in such a scenario. The different pricing strategies are namely, cost plus pricing, market-oriented pricing and penetration pricing. The cost plus pricing method takes into consideration the basic cost of production and then adds a certain percentage to the basic cost to determine the sale price of the pro

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Fall Prevention - Research Paper Example This paper stresses that participation of more people, proper detailing of the evidence-based model and enhancing ongoing communications are the important steps in change management practice. These can increase the quality of service received by patients and family members. These steps can enhance the organizations’ working standards and provide optimum quality service that can reduce the chances of patient fall. Orientation tour along with fall prevention education helps to lower the chances of the risks involved in acute confusions. The author approves that the evidence-based model should be successfully applied by nurses because it can help in a variety of settings. The management should have long-term and short-term orientation plan. Continuity in the process of staff training on fall prevention and implementation of proper modules for orientation tour can definitely overcome the challenges of falls in the next 2-3 years on short-term basis. On long-term basis, the managem ent of hospital should try to expand the facility of care. This report makes a conclusion that it can be concluded that orientation tour with fall prevention education is essential for healthcare organizations. The increase of fall rate has also increased the expense of hospitals. The idea of educating patients and family members provides perfect outcome in reduction of fall rate through the implementation of Rosswurm & Larabee’s change model. Surveys opted by nurse and managers have tremendous effect on smooth running of the new evidence-based change model. Hence it can be said that orientation tour along with fall prevention education for family members and patients can lower the rate of falls of patients in long term care.

Nutritional Supplements As Effective As Full Ward Diet Nursing Essay

Nutritional Supplements As Effective As Full Ward Diet Nursing Essay Pressure ulceration has become a common health issue in hospitalized patients and elderly patients living in a long-term care facility. It can be contributed by various factors such as aging, poor nutrition, immobility, and cognitive impairment. A literature review was conducted based on five published research articles. The aim was to investigate the therapeutic relationship between nutritional support and pressure sores healing. The result indicated significant improvement in pressure ulcer healing. Background Aim of the paper The aim of this study is to critically review current literature in order to evaluate the effectiveness of oral nutritional supplement (ONS) in addition to regular food intake in the prevention and treatment of pressure ulcers. Purpose of the paper The purpose of the study is to evaluate whether nutritional supplement helps cure pressure sores or not. Scope of the paper The study is based on research of a variety of existing research articles, journals, surveys, and clinical trials related to pressure ulcer throughout the global. It mainly focuses on individuals aged 65 and over from different continents. Literature Search Strategy The literature review was designed to assess published studies only. The initial search terms included pressure ulcer, nutrition, elderly, protein, arginine, zinc, vitamin C. The time period of the search covered articles published from 2000 to 2011 in English. The major databases used are CINAHL, Pubmed, and Cochrane Collaboration. An assignment marking guide was used to evaluate methodological quality of selected studies and gather useful information at the same time. Research design, description of intervention, outcome measures, results and author conclusions were included in the marking guide. 2.0 Evaluation of the Literature 2.1 Introduction Pressure ulcers, also referred to as pressure sores, decubitus ulcers or bedsores, are defined as an area of localised damage to the skin and underlying tissue caused by pressure, shear force, friction, moisture, and/or a combination of these factors. (Crowe and Brockbank 2009) It commonly occurs in hospitalized patients and elderly adults living in aged care facilities due to impaired mobility, paralysis and malnutrition. This study only focused on the relationship between malnutrition and pressure ulceration. For elderly people specifically, factors contributing to malnutrition include poor appetite, impaired cognition, depression, dependence on assistance with eating, and medications that cause gastrointestinal upset. (Heyman et al. 2008) Therefore, strategies and nursing interventions for adequate nutritional intake have become essential proportion of care for the elderly not only for pressure ulcer management, but also for their overall well-being. Supplying adequate nutritional supplements have been acknowledged to be beneficial in addition to repositioning and wound dressing since they can provide extra nutrients to strengthen tissue resistance and promote tissue repair. (Posthauer 2006) This review evaluated the clinical evidence supporting the use of ONS is beneficial for the elderly with existing pressure sores as part of their management. Five related article consisted of both clinical trials and literature reviews were selected presenting various perspectives. One of these studies provided Level I evidence while other four provided evidence between Level II and level IV. 2.2 Critical Review Level 1 evidence was provided by a systematic review by Holm, Mesch, and Ove (2007) This study conducted 16 peerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Ëœreviewed articles published between 1995 and 2005, with a combination of qualitative and quantitative analysis of information. General speaking, the reviewer pointed out that pressure ulcer healing for patients aged 65 and over is strongly associated with individuals nutritional status as well as strategies and nursing interventions implemented by healthcare workers when handling pressure ulcers. First of all, it revealed the significance of nutrition for elderly patients with pressure sores in promoting wound healing and preventing deterioration. Meanwhile, it indicated that the use of pressure relieving mattresses and repositioning were the most commonly used measures for pressure area care. It also reported potential factors such as weight loss, dysphagia, catheters and connection to different kinds of monitoring equipment, which might result in prolong ed ulceration. Moreover, the financial impact on the patient and family related to costly treatment was also discussed in this review. When selecting the articles, the reviewer excluded studies that did not comply with the aim of the review or studies contained subjective opinions. It is reasonable to consider this study to be comprehensive and convincing since it provided logical arguments supported with figures and data collected from those 16 published research articles. The limitation of this study was that the articles selected were published from 1995 to 2005, so that the information gathered might not be up-to-date. Although the study demonstrated the connection between nutrition and pressure ulcer healing, it did not involve the role of protein, arginine, vitamin C and zinc in specific. The results of this study were consistent with the setting of this academic paper because they both focused on patients aged 65 and over. In addition, this article is relevant to the PICO que stion since it talked about the importance of nutrition among elderly patients and its relationship with pressure sores management. The goal of the research paper by Heyman et al. (2008), which provides level III evidence, was to examine the effects of oral nutritional supplements enriched with protein, arginine, vitamin C and zinc in dietary management of pressure ulcers and chronic wounds. This open multicentre trial was conducted among 61 institutional care facilities in Belgium and Luxembourg for a nine-week period and 245 participants, with a mean age of 80, were selected randomly with no exclusion criteria. Each patient received three servings of ONS per day accompanied with standard pressure area care. The result was a 60% reduction in pressure ulcer area after nine weeks. The primary limitation of this study was that it neither attempted to blind nor carry out randomized controlled trials. Hence, factors affecting pressure ulcer healing other than malnutrition had not been eliminated which reduced the reliability of the result. Another limitation was that the exudate levels were not measured objectively, and ruler was used to measure the size of the wound instead of planimetry. All these factors might lead to inaccurate outcomes. Nevertheless, the result of this study was supported by three other studies. These studies indicated that ONS enriched with arginine, zinc and antioxidant vitamins helps accelerate pressure ulcer healing rates. (Benati et al. 2001; Desneves et al. 2005; Soriano et al. 2004) The study by Cereda et al. (2009) aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a disease-specific nutritional treatment enriched in protein, arginine, zinc, and vitamin C compared to full ward diet for enhancing the rate of pressure ulcer healing. It was a twelve-week randomized controlled trial which provided level I evidence. It involved 28 elderly subjects with Stage II, III, and IV pressure ulcers of recent onset from four residential care facilities in Italy. Participants were divided into two groups and both groups received exactly same amount of daily nutritional support. However, one of the groups was provided with standard full ward diet while the other group was administered a 400-mL oral supplement or specific enteral formula enriched with protein, arginine, zinc, and vitamin C in addition to the standard diet. The result reflected that there was a 72% decrease in pressure ulcer area after 12 weeks of receiving ONS. This study concluded that disease-specific nutritional support is feasible and beneficial in promoting the healing of pressure ulcers. Furthermore, a secondary research article written by Crowe and Brockbank (2009) investigated the role of nutrition in the prevention and treatment of pressure ulcers. The function and mechanisms of protein, arginine, and micronutrients in wound healing process had been discussed respectively in this study. It also cited a variety of existing studies to support its arguments. The study concluded that high-protein oral nutritional supplements played an essential role in minimizing the incidence of pressure ulcers in susceptible elderly patients. The role of arginine, vitamin C and zinc in pressure ulcer healing, on the other hand, was not very clear stated by Crowe and Brockbank due to limitation in sample size and heterogenous study design of current studies. Although some studies reported that arginine, Vitamin C and zinc can promote muscle and collagen synthesis which increase the strength of the wound and help the body maintain a healthy immune system (Fleishman 2005), confirmatory studies are needed to support current clinical evidence. The major down side of this study was absence of critical analysis of information gathered from clinical trials used. Nevertheless, nutritional support was considered to be beneficial and effective in enhancing pressure ulcer healing after all. In addition, the conclusion that nutritional supplement rich in protein speeded up pressure ulcer healing rate was consistent with another study by Breslow et al. (1993) Breslow et al. (1993), another level III evidence, investigated 28 malnourished elderly patients living in residential care facility with existing pressure sores for eight weeks. It aimed to evaluate the impact of dietary protein on healing of pressure ulcers in malnourished patients. The result indicated that participants who received supplemental nutritional formulas containing 24% protein displayed a faster rate of wound healing in contrast to those received formulas containing 14% protein. Therefore, it was reasonable to believe that supplemental protein aided in pressure ulcer healing process. However, because of the time of this study being conducted, the novelty and reliability of the information provided might be doubted. Based on the findings of this review, additional nutritional supplement enriched with protein, arginine, vitamin C and zinc had been proved to be effective in promoting pressure ulcer healing. The implementation of specialised nutritional support was recommended for elderly patients suffering from chronic pressure ulcers. Moreover, patients having difficulty swallowing, cognitive impairment are at risk of malnourishment so nutritional supplement should be considered despite of no existing pressure ulcer. (Cereda et al.2009) Besides, although nutritional supplementation aided the wound to heal, it was not an entire part of pressure ulcer management. In order to prevent and treat pressure sores quickly and effectively, it is essential to combine nutritional support with wound management, use of pressure-relieving devices as well as repositioning techniques. (Heyman et al. 2008) 3.0 Evaluation of the Main Research Article 3.1 The study overview The study, Benefi ts of an oral nutritional supplement on pressure ulcer healing in long-term care residents, by Heyman et al. (2008) aimed to investigate the effects of combine oral nutritional supplement high in protein, arginine, vitamin C and zinc with standard care on the healing of pressure ulcers in nursing home residents compare to standard care solely. This nine-week trial was conducted in Luxembourg and Belgium and 245 patients with grade II-IV pressure ulcers were involved. During the study, participants were provided with the ONS daily for nine weeks, in addition to their normal diet or enteral feed. Standard pressure care was provided to each patient. Pressure ulcer area (mm2) and condition were assessed after three and nine weeks. (Heyman et al. 2008) Patients received 200ml ONS per daily which contained 46g protein,6.9g arginine, 575mg vitamin C, 87mg vitamin E and 21mg zinc. The result indicated that there was a remarkable decrease in pressure ulcer area, with 53%, at the end of the trial. Complete wound closure occurred after three and nine weeks in 7% and 20% of the pressure ulcers respectively. 3.2 Type of article and level of evidence This article is a quantitative primary research article because all the data was collected by the authors themselves by performing a clinical trial. It is a case control study rather than a randomized controlled trial since it involved large number of subjects so that the randomness and suitability of participants selected diminished. Nevertheless, the study demonstrated comparison by monitoring changes of conditions and improvements of the wound. The pressure ulcer area was measured three times throughout the trial: at the beginning, after three weeks, and at the end. Therefore, this study provided level III evidence. (The Royal Melbourne Hospital 2009) 3.3 The study design This was an open multicenter case-control study, in which 245 patients with different grades of pressure ulcers participated. Three servings of oral nutritional supplements were provided for every patient and wound healing process was monitored and assessed by measuring pressure ulcer area using rulers. Patient medical history and characteristics of existing wounds were gathered to be baseline information at the beginning of the trial. All measurements were performed by a single practitioner at each center in order to minimize subjectivity of data collected. (Heyman et al. 2008) 3.4 Statistical analysis Data are expressed as mean  ± standard deviation. Data were statistically analysed using ANOVA. Pressure ulcer data were log-transformed using a mixed-effects model to compare changes in pressure ulcer area over time. SGS Life Science Services Clinical Research (Bierges-Wavre, Belgium) performed the data entry, verification and statistical analysis. (Heyman et al. 2008) 3.5 Outcomes/Results for Nurse and Patient During the study period, the average intake of the ONS recorded was 2.3  ± 0.56 servings per day. After three weeks, the mean pressure ulcer area decreased from 1580  ± 3743mm2 to 1103  ± 2999mm2 and further reduction displayed to 743  ± 1809mm2 at the end of the trial, a 53% decrease compared to baseline. Additionally, Complete wound closure occurred after three and nine weeks in 16 (7%) and 49 (20%) of the pressure ulcers respectively. There was also a remarkable decline in exudates levels. At baseline, they were reported as mild, moderate and severe in 54 (33%), 61 (25%) and 32 (13%) of the pressure ulcers respectively, while after nine weeks this had reduced to 81 (22%), 34 (14%) and 10 (4%) respectively.(Heyman et al. 2008) Also, the oral nutritional supplements were accepted by most of participants. Eight out of ten patients did not complain about being given three servings per day and roughly 80% of the patients drank more than half of the ONS at each serving. On the o ther hand, in ten health practitioners involved in this study, nine of them expressed that they would use ONS as part of their pressure ulcer management regimen. (Heyman et al. 2008) 3.6 Limitations and Gaps Although the study involved large number of participants which roughly reflect the nursing-home population of Luxembourg and Belgium, there was no excluded criteria when selecting the participants. As a consequence, various factors such as medical history of diabetes or peripheral vascular disease can prolong wound healing and influence the outcome of the study. 3.7 Recommendations for Further Research The essentiality of conducting further studies has been pointed out to evaluate whether the implementation of oral nutritional supplements is cost-effective and suitable for all patients with pressure ulcers. 4.0 Conclusion Based on the findings from studies provided above, it is reasonable to consider the use of oral nutritional supplements enriched with protein, arginine, vitamin C and zinc as an effective and beneficial intervention in pressure ulcer management. Nevertheless, it is important to administer the ONS combined with other interventions including appropriate wound management and regular repositioning to promote pressure ulcer healing.

Ah, Wilderness - Significance of the plays title Essay -- Ah Wildern

Ah, Wilderness - Significance of the play's title The title of the play, Ah, Wilderness, by Eugene O'Neill, plays a significant role in the understanding of the play. The "wilderness" is used as a metaphor for the period in a male's life when he is no longer a boy, but not yet a man. This play tells the story of the coming-of-age of Richard, and the evolution he undergoes while becoming a man. The "wilderness" used in the title is a metaphor for the years between childhood and manhood. Life, for a man, is like the woods. When one is a boy, he is in a clearing. Everything told by adults is taken as truth, and because of this trust the truth is clear. As one enters the in-between years, the truth is no longer as clear. The developing mind begins to question the notions held by those in control, parents in particular. This period is like a wilderness one must wander through. When one exits the woods, things once again become clear. One no longer feels the need to wander aimlessly through the darkness, and one usually returns to the truths instilled by parents. Richard begins the play as a boy on the verge of manhood. A studious youth, just beginning to sow the seeds of rebellion, he at first feels no need to rebel against things close at hand. This soon changes with a visit to his father from Richard's girlfriend's father. Richard has been sending poetry to Muriel, his girlfriend, and her father sees the subject matter of this poetry as inappropriate. Unbeknownst to Richard, Muriel has been coerced into writing a letter to him breaking off the relationship. Richard feels so heartbroken he rebels against everything. This moment is the point in which Richard enters the "wilderness." The perfect opportunity to prov... ...uneasy side glances, and steels himself for what is coming." Richard has come back around to his prior ways of thinking. He now states "(His head down humbly.) I know I was a darned fool" (844). Richard, in the course of the play, makes the transition from boyhood to manhood. As with most young men, Richard enters the "wilderness", a metaphor for the stage of rebellion, and exits with no lasting scars. Richard's father, like most parents, realizes that Richard has walked out of the wilderness and states, " . . . I don't think we'll ever have to worry about his being safe--from himself--again. And I guess no matter what life will do to him, he can take care of it now" (845). This statement shows the necessity of the wilderness to the evolution of man, and the importance of a father's understanding during this important stage of development. Ah, Wilderness - Significance of the play's title Essay -- Ah Wildern Ah, Wilderness - Significance of the play's title The title of the play, Ah, Wilderness, by Eugene O'Neill, plays a significant role in the understanding of the play. The "wilderness" is used as a metaphor for the period in a male's life when he is no longer a boy, but not yet a man. This play tells the story of the coming-of-age of Richard, and the evolution he undergoes while becoming a man. The "wilderness" used in the title is a metaphor for the years between childhood and manhood. Life, for a man, is like the woods. When one is a boy, he is in a clearing. Everything told by adults is taken as truth, and because of this trust the truth is clear. As one enters the in-between years, the truth is no longer as clear. The developing mind begins to question the notions held by those in control, parents in particular. This period is like a wilderness one must wander through. When one exits the woods, things once again become clear. One no longer feels the need to wander aimlessly through the darkness, and one usually returns to the truths instilled by parents. Richard begins the play as a boy on the verge of manhood. A studious youth, just beginning to sow the seeds of rebellion, he at first feels no need to rebel against things close at hand. This soon changes with a visit to his father from Richard's girlfriend's father. Richard has been sending poetry to Muriel, his girlfriend, and her father sees the subject matter of this poetry as inappropriate. Unbeknownst to Richard, Muriel has been coerced into writing a letter to him breaking off the relationship. Richard feels so heartbroken he rebels against everything. This moment is the point in which Richard enters the "wilderness." The perfect opportunity to prov... ...uneasy side glances, and steels himself for what is coming." Richard has come back around to his prior ways of thinking. He now states "(His head down humbly.) I know I was a darned fool" (844). Richard, in the course of the play, makes the transition from boyhood to manhood. As with most young men, Richard enters the "wilderness", a metaphor for the stage of rebellion, and exits with no lasting scars. Richard's father, like most parents, realizes that Richard has walked out of the wilderness and states, " . . . I don't think we'll ever have to worry about his being safe--from himself--again. And I guess no matter what life will do to him, he can take care of it now" (845). This statement shows the necessity of the wilderness to the evolution of man, and the importance of a father's understanding during this important stage of development.

Spectroscopy

Spectroscopy (stopped flow method)Spectroscopy:It is the analysis of the electromagnetic radiation emitted, absorbed, or scattered by molecules. It is used to analyze materials and to monitor changes in concentration in chemical kinetics. Since photons act as messengers from atoms, the atomic spectra can be used to obtain detailed information about electronic structure and molecules. The energy of a molecule can change because of electronic transitions, and it can make transitions between its rotational and vibrational states. They are more complicated than atomic spectra and can give more information about electronic energy levels and about bonds length, strength, and angels (1).Stopped-flow technique:The solutions are mixed very rapidly and forced from syringes into a mixing chamber designed to ensure that the flow is turbulent and that complete mixing occurs very quickly. Behind the chamber, there is an observation cell fitted with a plunger that moves back as the liquids flood in and comes up against a stop after a certain volume. Filling the chamber corresponds to a sudden creation of an initial sample of the reaction mixture. The reaction then continues in the thoroughly mixed solution and is monitored spectrophotometrically. After a very short time of the flow, the flow is stopped suddenly when the observation cell is filled by an opposing piston which is linked to a sensing switch that triggers the measuring device (2). Small volumes of solutions are used, and the kineticequations for modeling the reactions are equivalent to those used inconventional methods in which concentration and time are measured.It is useful to study fast reactions that have half-lives as short as a few milliseconds. It is appropriate for studying biochemical reactions, such as studying enzymes. ? Formation of Peroxynitrite Peroxynitrite, an inorganic molecule of biological interest, is the product of the combination reaction between nitric oxide (?NO?^†¢) and superoxide (O_2^(†¢-))(4).?NO?^†¢+ O_2^(†¢-) ? ?ONOO?^-Increasing sensitivity can potentially allow the reaction to be measured, to be studied by slowing down the reaction rate through the use of lower concentration of reactants.the rate of the isomerization reaction depends little on the pressure ‘high pressure slows down the rate of reaction'(3). With the stopped-flow technique a value of 6.5 is found at millimolar phosphate concentrations, while at 0.5 M phosphate the value is 7.5The kinetics of decay do not follow first-order kinetics when the pH is larger than the pKa.The kinetics of the decay of hydrogen peroxynitrite are not very pressure-dependent: from stopped-flow experiments up to 152 MPa the rate of the isomerization reaction depends little on the pressure. Materials:Deionized water.Buffers, which are saturated with argon immediately before use, from salts and acids.Freshly prepared peroxynitrite.Prepration: Peroxynitrite was prepared by a modification of biomimetic synthesis of nitrogen monoxide with solid potassium superoxide. In Brief, 30% mol nitrogen monoxide was added to 100% mol solid potassium superoxide that was stirred with sand under argon in a 100-mL Erlenmeyer flask. Laser Flash Photolysis: the following reactions could take place:(i) Isomerization: cis and trans- peroxynitrite: (ii) Photodissociation: (iii) Photoionization: Reactions 3-6 can be neglected and for spectroscopic reasons reactions 8 and 9 must be abandoned.Under the assumption that we observed the reverseof reaction 7. The global analysis gives a rate constant of (1.5-2.0) Ãâ€" ?10?^10 M^(-1) S^(-1). Conventional second-order analysis at 25 different wavelengths and 4 different laser intensities resulted in a value of (1.6 ( 0.2) Ãâ€" 1010 M^(-1) S^(-1).The rate constant for reaction 7 of 1.6 Ãâ€" ?10?^10 M^(-1) S^(-1) is higher than those reported by other workers. These rate constants were measured under experimental designs that involve reaction cascades to arrive at the reactants. The rapid one-step production of superoxide and nitrogen monoxide reported herein has the advantage of allowing measurement of the recombination rate not complicated by other processes.The high rate constant has important consequences for the generation of peroxynitrite in vivo. Under normal in vivo conditions, the concentrations of nitrogen monoxide and superoxide dismutase are on the order of 1 Ãâ€" ?10?^(-8) and 5 Ãâ€" ?10?^(-6) M, respectively, whereby superoxide dismutase scavenges 98-99% of all superoxide, and consequently very little peroxynitrite is formed. Near an activated macrophage the nitrogen monoxide and superoxide concentrations may be 100 times higher, and the ratio of superoxide reacting with nitrogen monoxide to superoxide reacting with superoxide dismutase becomes 3:2. While considerations based on homogeneous solution kinetics do not necessarily apply to the inhomogeneous milieu inside or outside a cell, they do indicate that peroxyitrite formation is likely.According to the mechanism we can represent the rate law as:Rate = k [?NO?^†¢][O_2^(†¢-)]In addition to the determining step, a second-order curve was obtained which proves that the overall order of this reaction is 2.

Dna Sequences Using Polymerase Chain Reaction - 1605 Words

Amplification of 16S Ribosomal DNA Sequences using Polymerase Chain Reaction Edwina Abou Haidar, Houssam Al Koussa, Mary AbedAlAhad. Department of Biology, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon Abstract The 16s rRNA gene sequencing is a widely common amplicon sequencing method used to identify and compare bacteria in a given sample. This method is well established and allows to study phylogeny and taxonomy of complex microbiomes. In this study, an unknown sample of extracted microbial DNA was analyzed by performing the polymerase chain reaction followed by agarose gel electrophoresis. The results were accurate since three distinct bands (1500 basepairs) corresponded to our sample (duplicates) and the positive control. This indicates clearly the amplification of the 16s rRNA gene whose further sequencing technique constitutes a pivotal tool in the accurate identification of bacterial isolates as well as the discovery of novel bacteria in clinical microbiology laboratories. 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